Publications

NEW
The MATTER Project Final Report
Integrated energy and materials systems engineering for GHG emission mitigation
T. Kram, D.J. Gielen, A.J.M. Bos, M.A.P.C. de Feber, T. Gerlagh, and B.J. Groenendaal (ECN Policy Studies),
H.C. Moll, M.E. Bouwman and D.W. Daniels (IVEM, Groningen University),
E. Worrell, M.P. Hekkert and L.A.J. Joosten (NW&S, Utrecht University)
P. Groenewegen and T. Goverse (Free University of Amsterdam)
(kram@ecn.nl)
March 2001

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In industrialized regions like OECD Europe, today the production and processing of a limited number of bulk materials represents the lion’s share of industrial energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the sector. Most current studies of future options to reduce GHG emissions fail to encompass the options, limitations and interactions between commonly addressed energy system changes and innovative ways to meet the future demands for material goods. Although approaches like Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) are developed and applied with this very goal in mind, it is argued here that only a fully interlinked and dynamic systems approach covering energy and material flows can reveal the merits of options like new material processes, substitution, recycling and re-use and changes in product design. To this end a new model is built, drawing upon widely adopted energy systems models like MARKAL, but integrating material flows and the specific challenges posed by the dynamics of materials and products. The resulting MATTER model draws upon a series of in-depth studies of key groups of materials (metals, organic chemicals and building materials) and product groups (packaging, buildings, road vehicles). These in-depth studies address current situation and trends and new possibilities and trends in a detailed way, accounting for the specific conditions and practices of the sectors involved. As such they provide valuable overviews in their own right. At the same time, more generalized and stylized information is extracted for specification of the MATTER model. Together, the sector studies and the overall integrated model analyses give complementary insights in longer-term prospects for GHG emission mitigation associated directly and indirectly with production, consumption and waste management of materials as induced by the demand for goods and services in OECD Europe in the next 50 years. The first analyses indicate good prospects for materials oriented policies, integrated with more common energy system adjustments, to reduce GHG emissions: costs to meet a certain emission target can be significantly lower if materials options are included in the assessment.

    Materials system model characterisation

  1. MATTER 1.0; A MARKAL Energy and Materials System Model Characterisation
    D.J. Gielen, T. Gerlagh, A.J.M. Bos, 1998
  2. Packaging Tomorrow; Modeling the Material Input for European Packaging in the 21st Century
    M.P. Hekkert, L.A.J. Joosten, E. Worrell, 1997
  3. Technology Characterisation for Natural Organic Materials; Input Data for Western European MARKAL
    M.P. Hekkert, E. Worrell, 1997
  4. Process Data Descriptions for the Production of Synthetic Organic Materials; Input Data for the MATTER Study
     L.A.J. Joosten, 1998
  5. Technology Characterisation for Ceramic and Inorganic Materials; Input Data for Western European MARKAL
    D.J. Gielen, 1997
  6. Building Materials and CO2; Western European Emission Reduction Strategies
    D.J. Gielen, 1997
  7. Biomass for Energy or Materials? A Western European MARKAL MATTER1.0 Model Characterisation
    D.J. Gielen, T. Gerlagh, A.J.M. Bos, 1998
  8. The Petrochemical Industry and its Energy Use; Prospects for the Dutch Energy Intensive Industry
    D.J. Gielen, D. Vos, A.W.N. van Dril, 1996
  9. The Basic Metal Industry and its Energy Use; Prospects for the Dutch energy intensive industry
    D.J. Gielen, A.W.N. van Dril, 1997
  10. The Base Metal Industry: Technological Descriptions of Processes and Production Routes
    B.W. Daniels, H.C. Moll, 1998
  11. Status Quo and Expectations Concerning the Material Composition of Road Vehicles and Consequences for Energy Use
    M.E. Bouwman, H.C. Moll, 1997
  12. Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction. Forestry and Forest Products use in Western Europe
    M. Scharai-Rad, V. Sasse, J. Welling, Institute of Forestry and Forest products, Hamburg, 1999
  13. Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction. Agriculture as a Source of Biomass in Western Europe
    N. Diamantidis, E. Koukios, National Technical University of Athens, 1999
  14. MATTER 2.0. A Module Characterisation for the Agriculture and Food Sector
     T. Gerlagh, D.J. Gielen, 1999
  15. MATTER 3.0. Relaxing the demand in the MATTER model
     S. Franssen, 1999

Energy system model characterisation

  1. CO2 Abatement in Western European Power Generation
    P. Lako, J.R. Ybema, 1997
  2. Scenarios for Western Europe on Long Term Abatement of CO2 Emissions
    J.R. Ybema, P. Lako, I. Kok, E. Schol, D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1997
  3. Prospects for Energy Technologies in the Netherlands. Volume 2: Technology characterizations and technology results.
    J.R. Ybema, P. Lako, D.J. Gielen, R.J. Oosterheert, T. Kram, 1995.
  4. Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Task 7: Energy Technology Characterisation
    M. de Feber, D.J. Gielen, 1999.
  5. Biomass for greenhouse gas emission reduction. Task 4-6. Wood products and their applications.
    M. Scharai-Rad, J. Welling, Institute for Forestry and Forest Products, Hamburg, 1999

Model calculation results

  1. The MATTER Project on Integrated Energy/Materials Strategies for Western Europe
    D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1997
  2. The Impact of GHG Emission Reduction on the Western European Materials System
    D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1998
  3. Workshop Factor 2/Factor 10 Proceedings, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2 April 1998
    D.J. Gielen (ed.), 1998
  4. The MARKAL systems engineering model for waste management
     D.J. Gielen, 1998
  5. The Future of the European Aluminium Industry: a MARKAL Energy and Material Flow Analysis
    D.J. Gielen, 1998
  6. Integral Energy and Materials Policy for Cheaper Greenhouse Gas Reduction
     D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1998
  7. Western European Integrated Energy and Materials Scenarios for Sustainable Development
    D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1998
  8. Biomass for greenhouse gas emission REDuction (BRED)
     D.J. Gielen, T. Gerlagh, A.J.M. Bos, 1998
  9. The MARKAL Systems Optimisation Model for Dynamic Life Cycle Analysis of Biomass Strategies for GHG Emission Reduction
    D.J. Gielen, T. Gerlagh, A.J.M. Bos, 1998
  10. The Future of Petrochemicals. A MATTER Model Analysis
    B.J. Groenedaal, D.J. Gielen, 1999
  11. MARKAL for policy instrument assessment. The OECD TOG project
     D.J. Gielen, S. Franssen, A. Seebregts, T. Kram, 1999
  12. Integrated Energy and Materials Scenarios for GHG Emission Mitigation
     D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, J.C. Brezet, 1999
  13. Integrated Energy and Materials Scenarios for GHG Emission Mitigation. Annex 1.
    D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, J.C. Brezet, 1999
  14. Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in Agriculture and Forestry. A western European systems engineering perspective
    D.J. Gielen, A.J.M. Bos, M.A.P.C. de Feber, T. Gerlagh, 1999
  15. CO2 reduction strategies in the basic metals industry: A systems approach
     D.J. Gielen, T. van Dril, 1999
  16. Biomass for energy or materials ? The European BRED project.
     D.J. Gielen, A.J.M. Bos, M.A.P.C. de Feber, T. Gerlagh, 1999
  17. Biomass for greenhouse gas emission reduction. Task 8: Optimal emission reduction strategies for Western Europe
    D.J. Gielen, A.J.M. Bos, M.A.P.C. de Feber, T. Gerlagh, 1999

    Other publications

  18. The Role of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Meeting Kyoto Targets
     D.J. Gielen, T. Kram, 1998
  19. Post-Kyoto. The impact on Climate Policy in the European Union
     D.J. Gielen, P.R. Koutstaal, T. Kram, S.N.M. van Rooijen, 1998